Model-based specification of the flight software of an autonomous satellite

International audienceIn the framework of the AGATA program, we applied a model-based development process founded on a living UML specification to produce the RT-Java code of the AGATA onboard software. Derived from classical V-shaped production cycle, our development process benefited from several model-based engineering methods, such as model-debugging and automated code generation. Our resulting Y-shaped production cycle enabled an incremental development process that allowed us to start software validation early in the process. Despite the complexity of the AGATA onboard software we thereby manage to achieve its functional validation and were able to evaluate RT-Java (Real-Time Java Specification-RTSJ) for real-time space applications

Caractérisation d'arène dioxygénases impliquées dans la biodégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques chez Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1

Cette thèse traite de la biodégradation par les bactéries d'une catégorie de polluants appelés hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques ou HAP. La bactérie Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1 a été isolée d'un sol pollué pour sa capacité à utiliser un HAP à 4 cycles, le pyrène, comme seule source de carbone et d'énergie. Pour comprendre comment le pyrène est métabolisé, l'identification des enzymes impliquées a été entreprise par une approche protéomique. Cette approche a notamment mis en évidence dans la souche 6PY1 deux arène dioxygénases, enzymes susceptibles de catalyser l'attaque initiale du pyrène. L'objectif de cette étude consistait à cloner les gènes de structure des arène dioxygénases identifiées chez Mycobacterium 6PY1, à surexprimer ces gènes en système hétérologue pour faciliter la purification des enzymes correspondantes, et à déterminer les propriétés biochimiques et catalytiques de ces enzymes. Les gènes pdoA1B1 codant la composante terminale d'une dioxygénase ont été clonés et surexprimés chez E. coli. Les propriétés catalytiques de cette enzyme, appelée Pdo1, ont été déterminées in vivo en dosant les produits d'oxydation de HAP composés de 2 à 4 cycles par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CPG/SM). L'analyse de la sélectivité de l'enzyme, déterminée de cette façon montre que Pdo1 oxyde préférentiellement des HAP à 3 ou 4 cycles, comme le phénanthrène et le pyrène, mais n'attaque pas les di-aromatiques comme le naphtalène et le biphényle. La protéine Pdo1 s'est révélée instable et n'a été purifiée que sous forme inactive. Les gènes de structure d'une seconde composante dioxygénase ont été repérés dans un locus comportant deux autres gènes cataboliques. Les gènes pdoA2B2 codent pour une enzyme, appelée Pdo2, montrant une spécificité étroite vis-à-vis des HAP à 2 ou 3 cycles aromatiques et une nette préférence pour le phénanthrène. La protéine Pdo2 purifiée est un hexamère de type a3b3, possédant des centres [2Fe-2S] de type Rieske qui lui confèrent un spectre d'absorbance caractéristique. Des gènes susceptibles de coder pour une troisième dioxygénase ont été découverts dans le génome de Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1. Ces gènes sont très proches en séquence de ceux codant pour Pdo1, suggérant que la bactérie synthétise deux iso-enzymes capables d'oxyder le pyrène. Le fonctionnement des arène dioxygénases requiert deux protéines transporteurs d'électrons de type ferrédoxine et réductase. Celles qui sont associées aux enzymes Pdo1 et Pdo2 n'ont pas été identifiées. Cependant, l'activité des deux dioxygénases de la souche 6PY1 a été stimulée in vivo en co-exprimant dans E. coli des gènes accessoires recrutés d'autres bactéries. Enfin, des expériences d'immunodétection à l'aide d'anticorps spécifiques ont montré que les enzymes Pdo1 et Pdo2 sont co-induites en présence de HAP mais ne sont pas régulées de la même manière en fonction des conditions de croissance.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Autonomous mission planning in space: mission benefits and real-time performances

International audienceIn the framework of the AGATA program we developped a ground tool to demonstrate thefeasibility and interest of autonomy for space systems. We used this demonstrator to study the impact of on-boardautonomy on both mission performances and real-time performances. We compared the results with respect tomission goals on different criteria for five levels of on-board autonomy. Our experimentation shows that missionbenefits increase with on-board autonomy level. In parallel we performed a real-time evaluation of the AGATAflight software for the higher level of autonomy. We were able to demonstrate that the central processing unit loadassociated to fully autonomous on-board mission planning is compatible with the actual Leon2 baseline

Should Voltaire be a prophet in his own country ? An analysis of the media’s treatment of the cartoon crisis

International audienceAn extensive analysis of a sample of six newspapers reveals how the coverage of the cartoon crisis in France was tied to specific historical and contemporary issues such as laïcité. The discursive frameworks that are distinguished are similar to those that were shaped the public debates on conspicuous religious symbols in public spares. A network of the « experts » and « representatives » of various communities seem to have emerged in France. These actors spoke from distinct points of view and, as soon as the cartoon crisis was « brought home », it was possible for them to (re)create a field in which the public debate on the cartoons could take place

Cervicobrachial neuralgia due to vertebral artery loop

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Identification of Pyrene-Induced Proteins in Mycobacterium sp. Strain 6PY1: Evidence for Two Ring-Hydroxylating Dioxygenases

In this study, the enzymes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation were investigated in the pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1. [(14)C]pyrene mineralization experiments showed that bacteria grown with either pyrene or phenanthrene produced high levels of pyrene-catabolic activity but that acetate-grown cells had no activity. As a means of identifying specific catabolic enzymes, protein extracts from bacteria grown on pyrene or on other carbon sources were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Pyrene-induced proteins were tentatively identified by peptide sequence analysis. Half of them resembled enzymes known to be involved in phenanthrene degradation, with closest similarity to the corresponding enzymes from Nocardioides sp. strain KP7. The genes encoding the terminal components of two distinct ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases were cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the two enzymes, designated Pdo1 and Pdo2, belong to a subfamily of dioxygenases found exclusively in gram-positive bacteria. When overproduced in Escherichia coli, Pdo1 and Pdo2 showed distinctive selectivities towards PAH substrates, with the former enzyme catalyzing the dihydroxylation of both pyrene and phenanthrene and the latter preferentially oxidizing phenanthrene. The catalytic activity of the Pdo2 enzyme was dramatically enhanced when electron carrier proteins of the phenanthrene dioxygenase from strain KP7 were coexpressed in recombinant cells. The Pdo2 enzyme was purified as a brown protein consisting of two types of subunits with M(r)s of about 52,000 and 20,000. Immunoblot analysis of cell extracts from strain 6PY1 revealed that Pdo1 was present in cells grown on benzoate, phenanthrene, or pyrene and absent in acetate-grown cells. In contrast, Pdo2 could be detected only in PAH-grown cells. These results indicated that the two enzymes were differentially regulated depending on the carbon source used for growth

Liponeurocytoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle

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The Immune Microenvironment of Chordomas: An Immunohistochemical Analysis

International audienceChordomas are rare sarcomas that are usually treated by surgery and/or radiotherapy since these are chemo-resistant tumors, but immunotherapy could be a possible option for chordoma patients. However, few reports investigating the composition of the chordoma immune microenvironment exist. We immunohistochemically studied 81 chordomas regarding their immune microenvironment factors and compared them with clinicopathological data. Macrophages and CD4 cells were the most prominent inflammatory cell populations, followed by CD8 T cells, while CD20 B cells and high endothelial venules (MECA-79+) were less frequently found. PD-L1 (22C3) expression by inflammatory cells was found in 21 (26%) tumors and was associated with a larger tumor size. None of the cases showed the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells. Survival analysis showed that younger patients had a better overall survival. Considering the immunohistochemical factors studied, higher CD8, the presence of PD-L1+ immune cells, and higher vascular density were adverse prognostic factors, but in multivariate analysis, only PD-L1+ immune cells retained prognostic significance. To conclude, chordoma tumor cells do not express PD-L1, but PD-L1+ immune cells seem to play a negative prognostic role, supporting the need for further studies in this field and the possible beneficial role of immunotherapy in these patients